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Deepak Gupta markTechnology Rewired

◆ Technology Rewired

How every category of software is being rebuilt by AI and agents, and what comes next.

One story per category, told in five eras: on-prem, SaaS and cloud, AI-assisted, agentic, and the next five years. Each page scores how autonomous the work is today, names who is building the agentic version, and shows how the team doing the work changes.

20 categories, 160+ software, rewired.

The Rewiring Board

Rings show autonomy from 0 (manual) to 5 (fully autonomous). Traces are real dependencies: software that spans two categories. In the Next era, dashed rings are my five-year projections. How scores work.

How we got here, one milestone at a time

Every dated milestone from every deep dive. Filled dots happened; hollow dots after the line are forecasts. Move the board's era control to light up that stretch of years.

Customer Identity and Access Management (CIAM)

  1. OpenID Authentication 2.0 declared final
  2. Facebook Connect opens to every website
  3. LoginRadius launches social login for websites
  4. Auth0 founded by Eugenio Pace and Matias Woloski
  5. Amazon Cognito launches
  6. SAP agrees to acquire Gigya
  7. GDPR starts to apply across the EU
  8. Akamai acquires Janrain for $123.6 million in cash
  9. California Consumer Privacy Act takes effect
  10. Okta completes $6.5 billion Auth0 acquisition
  11. Apple, Google and Microsoft commit to passkeys
  12. Thoma Bravo completes ForgeRock deal and combines it into Ping Identity
  13. 23andMe files amended 8-K on its credential stuffing breach
  14. EU digital identity framework enters into force; wallets due by end of 2026
  15. Mastercard announces Agent Pay and agentic tokens
  16. Visa announces Intelligent Commerce for AI agents
  17. Azure AD B2C closed to new customers; Entra External ID is the successor
  18. Coinbase discloses bribed support staff copied customer data
  19. W3C publishes Verifiable Credentials Data Model 2.0 as a Recommendation
  20. Google publishes the Agent Payments Protocol (AP2) with signed mandates
  21. Stripe and OpenAI release the Agentic Commerce Protocol
  22. Auth0 for AI Agents reaches general availability
  23. Stytch confirms Twilio's acquisition is final
  24. Ping Identity for AI generally available, with personal AI agent detection

Workforce Identity and Access Management (IAM)

  1. Novell releases NDS with NetWare 4
  2. Active Directory ships with Windows 2000 Server
  3. CA agrees to buy Netegrity, maker of SiteMinder, for $430 million
  4. Oracle buys web access management vendor Oblix
  5. SAML 2.0 becomes an OASIS standard
  6. Okta founded (as SaaSure)
  7. SCIM 2.0 protocol published as RFC 7644
  8. Okta goes public on Nasdaq
  9. Lapsus$ controls an Okta support contractor's workstation for 25 minutes
  10. Gartner names ITDR a top security trend
  11. Apple, Google and Microsoft commit to passkeys
  12. Azure AD renamed Microsoft Entra ID
  13. Okta warns of help desk social engineering aimed at super admins
  14. Microsoft discloses Midnight Blizzard entry via a legacy test account without MFA
  15. MCP specification adds OAuth 2.1 based authorization
  16. Microsoft announces Entra Agent ID at Build
  17. Okta introduces Cross App Access for agent-to-app connections
  18. Palo Alto Networks completes CyberArk acquisition
  19. Ping Identity makes Identity for AI generally available
  20. Okta for AI Agents reaches general availability
  21. IETF Identity Assertion JWT Authorization Grant (ID-JAG) draft reaches revision -04
  22. Cross App Access becomes MCP's Enterprise-Managed Authorization extension
  23. OAuth Identity and Authorization Chaining draft (-17) sits in the RFC Editor queue as a Proposed Standard
  24. Okta makes Agent SSO generally available in core SSO

Coding Assistants and IDEs

  1. Microsoft introduces IntelliSense in Visual Basic 5.0
  2. Microsoft ships Visual Studio 97
  3. Eclipse 1.0 released as open source
  4. Stack Overflow launches
  5. Microsoft announces Visual Studio Code at Build
  6. Microsoft agrees to acquire GitHub for $7.5 billion
  7. GitHub Copilot technical preview announced
  8. GitHub Copilot becomes generally available
  9. OpenAI releases ChatGPT
  10. Cognition introduces Devin as an AI software engineer
  11. Anthropic previews Claude Code with Claude 3.7 Sonnet
  12. OpenAI launches Codex cloud agent as a research preview
  13. Cognition agrees to acquire Windsurf after Google hires its founders
  14. Google signs a $2.4 billion licensing deal and hires Windsurf's CEO after OpenAI's planned purchase is terminated
  15. GitHub Copilot coding agent becomes generally available
  16. GitHub announces Agent HQ to run agents from Anthropic, OpenAI, Google and others on one platform
  17. Google announces Antigravity, an agent-first development platform, in public preview
  18. Anthropic reports Claude Code run-rate revenue above $2.5 billion
  19. Claude and Codex agents arrive in public preview inside GitHub for Copilot Pro+ and Enterprise
  20. Cognition launches Devin Desktop, the next generation of Windsurf
  21. SpaceX signs an agreement to acquire Cursor at an implied equity value of $60 billion
  22. SpaceX completes its acquisition of Cursor
  23. Cognition says it has crossed $1 billion in annualized run rate

Help Desk and Ticketing

  1. Remedy Corporation founded in Mountain View
  2. Remedy ships the Action Request System
  3. BMC Software buys Remedy from bankrupt Peregrine Systems
  4. Zendesk launches its browser-based help desk
  5. Freshdesk founded in Chennai, later renamed Freshworks
  6. Zendesk goes public on the NYSE
  7. Zendesk introduces Answer Bot inside Guide
  8. Intercom ships Answer Bot
  9. Intercom launches Resolution Bot
  10. Zendesk taken private in a $10.2 billion deal
  11. Intercom launches Fin on GPT-4
  12. Zendesk switches AI agents to outcome-based pricing
  13. Salesforce makes Agentforce Service Agent generally available
  14. Gartner predicts agentic AI will resolve 80% of common service issues by 2029
  15. Klarna's CEO says it will hire human support staff again after AI delivered lower quality
  16. ServiceNow announces customer service AI agents and says they handle 37% of its own case workflows
  17. Decagon raises $250 million at a $4.5 billion valuation
  18. Zendesk completes its acquisition of Forethought
  19. Attackers talk Meta's AI support assistant into resetting Instagram account passwords
  20. Sierra announces a $950 million raise at a valuation above $15 billion, led by Tiger Global and GV
  21. Salesforce signs a definitive agreement to buy Fin (formerly Intercom) for about $3.6 billion
  22. Gartner survey finds 87% of customers want access to a human when GenAI handles service
  23. Salesforce completes its acquisition of Fin

Incident Management and On-Call

  1. NetSaint, the project that became Nagios, ships its first release
  2. NetSaint is renamed Nagios
  3. Google starts its Site Reliability Engineering team under Ben Treynor Sloss
  4. PagerDuty is founded
  5. Google's Site Reliability Engineering book is published
  6. Atlassian acquires Statuspage
  7. Splunk agrees to acquire VictorOps for about $120 million
  8. Atlassian agrees to acquire Opsgenie and launches Jira Ops
  9. PagerDuty lists on the New York Stock Exchange
  10. Dell Technologies completes its acquisition of Moogsoft
  11. Atlassian stops selling Opsgenie
  12. Traversal launches its AI SRE with a $48 million seed and Series A
  13. incident.io opens early access to its AI SRE
  14. PagerDuty SRE Agent becomes generally available
  15. Datadog launches Bits AI SRE
  16. Freshworks closes its acquisition of FireHydrant
  17. Snowflake announces a deal to acquire Observe, including its AI SRE
  18. Resolve AI announces a $125 million Series A at a $1 billion valuation
  19. AWS DevOps Agent becomes generally available
  20. Azure SRE Agent becomes generally available
  21. Grafana OnCall OSS repository is archived and read-only
  22. Elastic completes its acquisition of Deductive AI to bring an AI SRE agent into Elastic Observability
  23. Opsgenie support ends and access shuts off (forecast)
Show all 11 categories

Customer Onboarding Email

  1. WordStar MailMerge brings mail merge to microcomputers
  2. Roving Software, later Constant Contact, is founded to sell email newsletters to small businesses
  3. ExactTarget is founded in Indianapolis as a subscription email marketing service
  4. Mailchimp launches as a hosted email service
  5. CAN-SPAM Act takes effect in the United States
  6. Salesforce completes its acquisition of ExactTarget
  7. GDPR applies across the EU, making consent part of every signup flow
  8. Apple ships Mail Privacy Protection with iOS 15, breaking open tracking
  9. Intuit Mailchimp launches Intuit Assist for generative email content
  10. Gmail starts enforcing authentication and one-click unsubscribe for bulk senders
  11. HubSpot launches Breeze with four Breeze Agents at INBOUND 2024
  12. Braze agrees to acquire OfferFit, an AI decisioning company, for $325 million
  13. Outlook.com begins routing non-compliant mail from senders above 5,000 emails a day to Junk, with rejection to follow
  14. Salesforce announces Marketing Cloud Next and Agentforce Campaign Creation as generally available, with customer access from July 2025
  15. Klaviyo says its Marketing Agent and Customer Agent are generally available
  16. Gmail launches AI Inbox and AI Overviews powered by Gemini
  17. Braze says BrazeAI Agent Console and BrazeAI Operator reached general availability
  18. Customer.io ships its AI Agent, LLM Actions and Goals
  19. Iterable releases Nova Agent to build, audit, personalize and optimize campaigns toward goals
  20. Intuit Mailchimp launches Analytics AI, with agentic campaign building described as coming soon
  21. Hightouch launches Lifecycle Studio for agent-built cross-channel campaigns
  22. Notion announces it will shut down Notion Mail on 22 September 2026 to focus on agents that run the inbox

Email Security

  1. SpamAssassin first released by Justin Mason
  2. SPF published as experimental RFC 4408
  3. Cisco agrees to acquire IronPort for $830 million
  4. Google agrees to buy Postini for $625 million
  5. DMARC published as RFC 7489
  6. Microsoft announces Exchange Online Advanced Threat Protection
  7. Thoma Bravo completes $12.3 billion Proofpoint acquisition
  8. Permira completes $5.8 billion Mimecast acquisition
  9. Google announces bulk sender authentication rules for Gmail
  10. Abnormal announces AI Security Mailbox for autonomous report triage
  11. Microsoft announces Security Copilot Phishing Triage Agent
  12. Sublime launches Autonomous Security Analyst (ASA), its first AI agent
  13. Microsoft opens Phishing Triage Agent public preview
  14. Proofpoint announces Satori Agents, including one for user-reported email, with phased availability from 2026
  15. Sublime announces Autonomous Detection Engineer (ADÉ)
  16. Sublime Security raises a $150 million Series C led by Georgian
  17. Proofpoint completes $1.8 billion Hornetsecurity acquisition
  18. Proofpoint announces one email architecture joining gateway and API protection, plus AI data access governance
  19. DMARC moves to the IETF Standards Track as RFC 9989
  20. Mimecast announces Managed Threat Response and Agent Risk Center beta
  21. Sublime announces general availability of Email DLP, with ASA reviewing flagged messages
  22. Mimecast Agent Risk Center GA planned for Incydr customers (forecast)

Firewall and Network Security

  1. Check Point ships FireWall-1, the first commercial stateful firewall
  2. Cisco launches the ASA 5500 to replace PIX
  3. Palo Alto Networks releases its first next-generation firewall
  4. Forrester publishes the zero trust model
  5. Google publishes BeyondCorp
  6. Gartner coins SASE
  7. NIST publishes SP 800-207 Zero Trust Architecture
  8. CISA issues Emergency Directive 24-01 on Ivanti Connect Secure
  9. PAN-OS GlobalProtect CVE-2024-3400 exploited as a zero day; Cisco unveils Hypershield
  10. Palo Alto Networks launches Strata Copilot powered by Precision AI
  11. Fortinet unveils FortiAI-Assist, able to remediate network issues without human intervention
  12. Palo Alto Networks launches Cortex AgentiX, whose prebuilt agents include a Network Security Agent
  13. Amazon reports an AI-assisted actor compromised over 600 FortiGate devices through weak credentials
  14. Palo Alto Networks completes its CyberArk acquisition
  15. Fortinet announces FortiOS 8.0 with AI agents and visibility into MCP and A2A traffic
  16. Check Point launches Agentic Network Security Orchestration
  17. Cato reports agentic CVE mitigation that generates protections in as little as 45 minutes
  18. Zscaler announces the ZAgent framework for SASE administration
  19. Cato launches Agentic Threat Prevention
  20. Cisco Cloud Control reaches general availability for US customers
  21. Cylake raises a $245 million convertible note ahead of its beta, bringing total funding to $290 million
  22. Cylake, founded by Nir Zuk, plans general availability of its on-premises platform in early 2027 (forecast)

Invoicing and Accounts Payable

  1. Intuit releases QuickBooks for DOS
  2. SAP launches R/3, the client-server ERP that ran AP for large enterprises
  3. NetLedger, later NetSuite, is founded to run accounting in the browser
  4. Bill.com is founded as Cashboard by René Lacerte
  5. The Peppol e-procurement project starts under the EU Competitiveness and Innovation Programme
  6. Oracle completes its acquisition of NetSuite for about $9.3 billion
  7. Bill.com lists on the NYSE under the ticker BILL
  8. Tipalti introduces Tipalti Pi, AI for accounts payable
  9. Thoma Bravo completes its roughly $8 billion acquisition of Coupa
  10. FBI IC3 records $2.77 billion in business email compromise losses
  11. EU Council adopts VAT in the Digital Age, setting mandatory intra-EU e-invoicing for 2030
  12. Vic.ai launches VicAgents, VicPay and a Vendor Portal; VicInbox live, Contract and Analytics agents in beta
  13. Tipalti relaunches Tipalti AI around agents
  14. BILL launches its W-9 Agent and Reconciliation Agent
  15. Ramp launches Agents for AP for coding, approvals and payment
  16. Basware introduces InvoiceAI with AP Business and AP Data agents
  17. Basware announces a Supplier Agent and AP Pro Agent behind autonomy gates
  18. AppZen makes eight vendor-email agents generally available in its AP Inbox Service Center
  19. Coupa announces its acquisition of Rossum, an AI document processing company
  20. Coupa opens Navi to external agents over MCP and reports 450 customers running its agents in production
  21. France requires all businesses to be able to receive structured e-invoices; large and mid-sized firms must also issue them
  22. ViDA digital reporting and intra-EU e-invoicing take effect (forecast)

SIEM and SOC Platforms

  1. Gartner analysts coin the term SIEM
  2. HP closes its $1.5 billion ArcSight acquisition
  3. IBM completes Q1 Labs acquisition and builds its security division on QRadar
  4. Splunk Cloud becomes generally available
  5. Splunk closes its Phantom SOAR acquisition
  6. Chronicle launches Backstory, a cloud security telemetry platform
  7. Azure Sentinel becomes generally available
  8. Microsoft announces Security Copilot
  9. CrowdStrike introduces Charlotte AI
  10. Cisco completes its acquisition of Splunk
  11. Palo Alto Networks closes acquisition of IBM QRadar SaaS assets
  12. CrowdStrike makes Charlotte AI Detection Triage generally available
  13. Microsoft announces Security Copilot agents, including the Phishing Triage Agent
  14. Cisco announces a Splunk Triage Agent slated for 2026
  15. Palo Alto Networks launches Cortex AgentiX as the successor to XSOAR
  16. Microsoft begins including Security Copilot in Microsoft 365 E5 and E7
  17. Torq raises a $140 million Series D at a $1.2 billion valuation
  18. Palo Alto Networks completes its CyberArk acquisition for $21.1 billion in total purchase consideration
  19. Cisco announces intent to acquire WideField Security for Splunk's agentic SOC
  20. Google reports its Triage and Investigation Agent generally available (per TechInformed)
  21. Splunk Enterprise Security 8.6 release notes include the Triage agent (8.6.0 controlled availability July 21, 8.6.1 general availability August 4)
  22. Cribl acquires the technology assets of Radiant Security's AI SOC product

SOC 2 and Compliance Automation

  1. Sarbanes-Oxley Act signed, making internal control reporting mandatory for US public companies
  2. PCI DSS 1.0 released by the card brands
  3. EMC agrees to acquire Archer Technologies and folds it into RSA
  4. SSAE 16 takes effect and AICPA SOC 2 reports replace SAS 70 for service providers
  5. Vanta founded to automate SOC 2 evidence collection
  6. Drata founded around continuous SOC 2 monitoring
  7. Secureframe launches Comply AI for remediation
  8. ISO/IEC 42001, the AI management system standard, is published
  9. EU AI Act enters into force
  10. Drata agrees to acquire trust center vendor SafeBase
  11. Conveyor introduces Sue, an AI agent for customer security reviews
  12. Vanta launches the Vanta AI Agent
  13. Vanta raises a $150 million Series D at a $4.15 billion valuation to fund AI and expand into third-party risk
  14. Anonymous whistleblower alleges an AI-first compliance startup fabricated compliance evidence; the company denies it
  15. Vanta, Drata and Sprinto launch agentic compliance and trust workflows
  16. TechCrunch reports Y Combinator has parted ways with the accused compliance startup
  17. EU lawmakers reach provisional deal to delay high-risk AI Act obligations
  18. Drata opens limited early access to AI agent governance for enterprise agents
  19. Digital Omnibus on AI, Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, published in the Official Journal and in force from 27 July
  20. Secureframe's hosted MCP server, which can read and update compliance data from AI assistants, is available to customers (reported 7 August 2026)
  21. EU AI Act obligations for stand-alone high-risk systems apply from 2 December 2027 under the adopted omnibus (forecast)

Era bands: On-prem 1990 to 2005, SaaS and cloud 2005 to 2020, AI-assisted 2020 to 2024, Agentic 2024 to 2027, Next 5 years 2026.8 to 2031.

What changed this month

Technology Rewired is published · Oct 10, 2026

Read the changelog →

Featured deep dive

Customer Identity and Access Management (CIAM)

Customer identity and access management (CIAM) is the software that signs up, signs in and protects a company's customers at scale: login, social sign-in, consent, profiles, recovery and bot defence. It is being rebuilt for a new kind of customer, the AI agent that signs in, shops and pays on a person's behalf under delegated, revocable authority.

Read the five eras →
2.0

Deep dives

All 20 categories

The same map as the board, as a list. Scores are today's agentic-era autonomy.

Build

The functions that make the product.

Protect

Security, identity, and the controls around them.

Run

The back office that keeps the company going.

Grow

Everything that finds, wins, and keeps customers.

Verticals

Industries with their own software stacks.

  • Education1.8

    Every student gets a tutor; teachers shift to coaching and assessment design

  • Healthcare1.6

    Agents take the paperwork; clinical judgment stays with clinicians

  • Real Estate and Property1.5

    Leasing, tenant requests, and loan files move to agents; the deal stays human

The cross-category shifts

Why I am building this

I built LoginRadius, a CIAM platform, and scaled it to over a billion users, and I now run GrackerAI, a GEO platform. I have watched identity and marketing software go through every era on this board. These pieces explain the bigger pattern:

The arc has two bookends on this site: Tech Graveyard covers what died, Future Tech covers what comes next.